The multiplier accelerator theory in the study of municipal-level investment

In our research we specially adapted the multiplier accelerator approach for analysis of investment processes on the municipal level. We analyzed the databases of municipalities of the Bashkortostan Republic and found a one-year lag and ratchet effects in the development of investment processes, which manifested themselves through steady rates of growth in the volumes of shipped goods and services in these areas while the amount of investment was declining. Excessively high values of the investment accelerator in certain municipalities were explained, on the one hand, by the insignificant changes in the economic performance of these municipalities and, on the other hand, by the inflow of capital, which was not related to the incentive function of return from the previous investment. The main causes of the disincentive function include the low investment attractiveness of the territories; the poorly developed environment for investment stimulation; the inefficiency of the investment itself; and its short-term character. Our approach combines the multiplier accelerator theory with the concept of efficient management of investment in socio-economic systems of various levels and thus it has enabled us to develop a matrix for diagnostics of investment processes by calculating investment efficiency (with the help of the investment multiplier) and the focus of the investment process (with the help of the investment accelerator). Upon these results we have mapped municipalities according to their levels of investment development and proposed a differentiated approach to managerial decision-making. These findings can be used to study investment attractiveness on the municipal level and to develop guidelines for assessment of investment attractiveness and for managerial decision-making to enhance investment efficiency

The seasonal factor in the tourism industry and it's influence on the sustainable development of the sector

© Medwell Journals, 2017. The study is devoted to the problems of seasonality in tourism. The researchers note the dependence of the tourist season on the climatic indicators of the location and propose recommendations that can allow the tourist destination to develop steadily and dynamically during off-season as well

Professional Foreign Language Course for International Students: Approaches to Content Selection

The research is devoted to a pedagogical problem that is topical for modern Russian higher education - the problem of content choice of professional foreign language training for foreign students. The purpose of the paper is to justify the approach to content selection of the discipline "Professional Foreign (Russian) Language" for foreign students who specialize in different areas of studies. The research is based on the application of general pedagogical theoretical and practical methods: analysis of pedagogical theory; experience of Russian and foreign pedagogy in professional language teaching; implementation of select­ed approaches and methodologies in practice; analysis of approbation/Статья посвящена выбору содержания профессиональной иноязычной подготовки иностранных студентов в вузе

A CLINICAL CASE OF SYNGAP1 GENE MUTATION IN A GIRL WITH EPILEPSY, MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTISM, AND MOTOR DISORDERS

The introduction of the latest genetic techniques into practice could discover a basis for the comorbidity of genetic epilepsies and behavioral disturbances with cognitive impairments. Some chromosomal syndromes are characterized by a specific electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern, the type of seizures, and the variant of the course of epilepsy. This paper describes a case of synaptic RAS GTP-ase-activating protein 1 (SYNGAP1) gene mutation in a 9-year-old female patient with eyelid myoclonic epilepsy, atypical absences, and atypical autism with mental retardation. The patient’s parents visited a physician for epilepsy (myoclonic absences), markedly delayed psycho-speech development, and specific communication problems in the child. The characteristics of autistic behavior were manifested from birth; routine EEG recorded epileptiform activity at the age of 2 years; epileptic seizures appeared at 5 years. Valproic acid and levetiracetam in this patient exerted a good effect on seizures; however, a clinical and encephalographic remission was achieved by a combination of levetiracetam and ethosuximide. The clinical case including the neurological and psychic statuses, logopedic characteristics, the result of psychological testing, and video-EEG monitoring findings are analyzed in detail.The SYNGAP1 gene is located on chromosome 6p21.3. About 50 cases of SYNGAP1 syndrome are now known worldwide. After normal maternal pregnancy and delivery, the patients show delayed psychomotor development with pronounced regression at 1 to 3 years of age. At this age, there are diffuse polyspike discharges on the EEG or an onset of generalized epileptic seizures (atonic, myoclonic, eyelid myoclonic, and absence seizures), commonly photosensitivity and autoinduction, mental development stops, speech regresses, behavioral disorders that are typical of autism develop. Drug-resistant epilepsy is noted in approximately half of the described cases. There is a correlation between the severity of epilepsy and cognitive deficit

Solonamide B Inhibits Quorum Sensing and Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Mediated Killing of Human Neutrophils

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) continues to be a serious human pathogen, and particularly the spread of community associated (CA)-MRSA strains such as USA300 is a concern, as these strains can cause severe infections in otherwise healthy adults. Recently, we reported that a cyclodepsipeptide termed Solonamide B isolated from the marine bacterium, Photobacterium halotolerans strongly reduces expression of RNAIII, the effector molecule of the agr quorum sensing system. Here we show that Solonamide B interferes with the binding of S. aureus autoinducing peptides (AIPs) to sensor histidine kinase, AgrC, of the agr two-component system. The hypervirulence of USA300 has been linked to increased expression of central virulence factors like α-hemolysin and the phenol soluble modulins (PSMs). Importantly, in strain USA300 Solonamide B dramatically reduced the activity of α-hemolysin and the transcription of psma encoding PSMs with an 80% reduction in toxicity of supernatants towards human neutrophils and rabbit erythrocytes. To our knowledge this is the first report of a compound produced naturally by a Gram-negative marine bacterium that interferes with agr and affects both RNAIII and AgrA controlled virulence gene expression in S. aureus

Standardisation of magnetic nanoparticles in liquid suspension

Suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles offer diverse opportunities for technology innovation, spanning a large number of industry sectors from imaging and actuation based applications in biomedicine and biotechnology, through large-scale environmental remediation uses such as water purification, to engineering-based applications such as position-controlled lubricants and soaps. Continuous advances in their manufacture have produced an ever-growing range of products, each with their own unique properties. At the same time, the characterisation of magnetic nanoparticles is often complex, and expert knowledge is needed to correctly interpret the measurement data. In many cases, the stringent requirements of the end-user technologies dictate that magnetic nanoparticle products should be clearly defined, well characterised, consistent and safe; or to put it another way—standardised. The aims of this document are to outline the concepts and terminology necessary for discussion of magnetic nanoparticles, to examine the current state-of-the-art in characterisation methods necessary for the most prominent applications of magnetic nanoparticle suspensions, to suggest a possible structure for the future development of standardisation within the field, and to identify areas and topics which deserve to be the focus of future work items. We discuss potential roadmaps for the future standardisation of this developing industry, and the likely challenges to be encountered along the way

Семейный случай недостаточности декарбоксилазы L-ароматических аминокислот

Aromatic L‑amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder. It caused by generalized combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline. This disorder is characterized by muscular hypotonia, motor development delay, oculogyric crises and impairment of the autonomic nervous system.Laboratory diagnostic of AADC deficiency in Russian Federation includes determination of the concentration of 3‑O‑methyldophamine in dried blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry and molecular analysis of the DDC gene by Sanger sequencing or next generation sequencing.Therapy of AADC deficiency includes combination of drugs which increase the formation of dopamine, inhibit its reuptake and increase the residual activity of the enzyme. The first‑line drugs are selective dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase inhibitors of type B and vitamin B6 supplements.We present the case of management and treatment of patients with AADC deficiency. The patient’s condition was improved by using of combination therapy with pyridoxal‑5‑phosphate, pramipexole and selegiline. Significant positive dynamics was achieved on pyridoxal‑5‑phosphate therapy for the first time.Дефицит декарбоксилазы ароматических L‑аминокислот (aromatic L‑amino acid decarboxylase, AADC) – редкое аутосомно‑рецессивное нейрометаболическое заболевание, обусловленное генерализованным комбинированным дефицитом серотонина, дофамина, норадреналина и адреналина. Заболевание характеризуется мышечной гипотонией, задержкой моторного развития, окулогирными кризами, расстройствами вегетативной нервной системы. Лабораторная диагностика дефицита AADC в России основана на определении концентрации 3‑О‑метилдофамина в сухих пятнах крови методом тандемной масс‑спектрометрии, а также поиске патогенных вариантов в гене DDC методом секвенирования по Сэнгеру либо высокопроизводительного секвенирования.Терапия дефицита AADC включает комбинацию препаратов, улучшающих образование дофамина, тормозящих его обратный захват и увеличивающих остаточную активность фермента. Препаратами 1‑й линии являются селективные агонисты дофамина, ингибиторы моноаминоксидазы типа В и препараты витамина В6.Представлен собственный клинический опыт наблюдения и лечения пациентов с недостаточностью AADC. На фоне комбинированной терапии пиридоксаль‑5‑фосфатом, прамипексолом и селегилином наблюдалось улучшение состояния пациента. Впервые была достигнута выраженная положительная динамика на фоне терапии пиридоксаль‑5‑фосфатом

Performance of the SAET of the Stavropol Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games in Sochi

Given is a general overview of the SAET performance during the XXII Olympic and XI Paralympic Winter Games, 2014 in Sochi. Discussed are the peculiarities of work management of the SAET diagnostic facilities; represented are the data on the structure and scope of laboratory investigations of clinical material and environmental samples. Analyzed is the experience of operation under major international mass event. Consequently, it is concluded that current SAET structure, its stuffing and equipping, the laid-up stock of preparations and test-systems have allowed for coping with a diverse task complex in the laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases and indication of their agents

Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Community acquired (CA) methicillin-resistant <it>Staphylococcus aureus </it>(MRSA) increasingly causes disease worldwide. USA300 has emerged as the predominant clone causing superficial and invasive infections in children and adults in the USA. Epidemiological studies suggest that USA300 is more virulent than other CA-MRSA. The genetic determinants that render virulence and dominance to USA300 remain unclear.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We sequenced the genomes of two pediatric USA300 isolates: one CA-MRSA and one CA-methicillin susceptible (MSSA), isolated at Texas Children's Hospital in Houston. DNA sequencing was performed by Sanger dideoxy whole genome shotgun (WGS) and 454 Life Sciences pyrosequencing strategies. The sequence of the USA300 MRSA strain was rigorously annotated. In USA300-MRSA 2658 chromosomal open reading frames were predicted and 3.1 and 27 kilobase (kb) plasmids were identified. USA300-MSSA contained a 20 kb plasmid with some homology to the 27 kb plasmid found in USA300-MRSA. Two regions found in US300-MRSA were absent in USA300-MSSA. One of these carried the arginine deiminase operon that appears to have been acquired from <it>S. epidermidis</it>. The USA300 sequence was aligned with other sequenced <it>S. aureus </it>genomes and regions unique to USA300 MRSA were identified.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>USA300-MRSA is highly similar to other MRSA strains based on whole genome alignments and gene content, indicating that the differences in pathogenesis are due to subtle changes rather than to large-scale acquisition of virulence factor genes. The USA300 Houston isolate differs from another sequenced USA300 strain isolate, derived from a patient in San Francisco, in plasmid content and a number of sequence polymorphisms. Such differences will provide new insights into the evolution of pathogens.</p